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Arabia Mountain National Heritage Area
The Arabia Mountain National Heritage Area is a National Heritage Area in the U.S. state of Georgia that encompasses natural, cultural, and historical elements to form a cohesive, nationally significant environment.〔"Heritage Areas, National Park Service, Frequently Asked Questions." National Park Service. Accessed February 10, 2015. http://www.nps.gov/heritageareas/FAQ/.〕 The area is due east of Atlanta and spans reaching from the historic commercial center of Lithonia to the Monastery of the Holy Spirit in Conyers, including a number of sites in between, including Panola Mountain State Park, Davidson-Arabia Mountain Nature Preserve, the Mall at Stonecrest, and more. The Heritage Area was established in 2006, and is coordinated by the Arabia Mountain National Heritage Area Alliance, which includes board members, representatives from the community and local organizations, and staff.
== History ==
Although there is little historical evidence about what existed in the lands that currently make up the National Heritage Area, by the time of Anglo-American settlement in the early 19th century, the area was sparsely populated by Creek and Cherokee Tribes. it is believed that the area was a buffer between the two nations, used as a trade and transportation corridor. The land was ceded to the State of Georgia by the Creeks in 1821 by the Creeks. The land was then distributed to settlers via the Georgia Land Lotteries. Throughout the rest of the 19th and most of the 20th centuries, the area remained very sparsely populated, with many of the roads remaining unpaved until the mid 1900s.() A railroad once existed that ran from Atlanta to Augusta that ran through the area, near the present day location of the trail. This railroad helped to support Lithonia's quarrying industry, fed by the granite gneiss of Arabia Mountain. Otherwise, the surrounding land was used for small-scale farming. Several farmsteads remain in the Heritage Area, including the Lyons Farm, Vaughters Farm, and Parker House.Small settlements developed along crossroads, the South River (Ocmulgee River), and railroad, such as the Klondike National Historic District, Flat Rock Community, and downtown Lithonia, Georgia. ()
After the creation of the Atlanta Augusta Railroad in 1845 allowed the granite quarrying industry in the area to flourish. Remnants of this industry can be seen throughout the Heritage Area in the form of quarry office ruins, rock ledges, and drill holes on the rock. Unlike Arabia, Panola Mountain was never quarried because of its individual qualities such as softer texture and veining.〔Pamela J.W. Gore and William Witherspoon,''Roadside Geology of Georgia'', (Missoula, MO: Mountain Press Publishing Company, 2013)〕
The proximity of the Arabia Mountain National Heritage Area to Atlanta, the second fastest-growing metropolitan area in the country during the 2000s() leaves it vulnerable to overdevelopment. This threat of encroaching sprawl was recognized and after nearly a decade, the area was determined to be a significant part of national history, and earned congressional designation as a National Heritage Area in 2006.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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